1.异常内容

我遇到的具体现象是，将工程发布到tomcat可以正常运行，但是通过junit跑测试，就会如下错误：

Caused by: java.lang.NoSuchMethodError: javax.persistence.Table.indexes()[Ljavax/persistence/Index;	at org.hibernate.cfg.annotations.EntityBinder.processComplementaryTableDefinitions(EntityBinder.java:936) ~[hibernate-core-4.3.5.Final.jar:4.3.5.Final]	at org.hibernate.cfg.AnnotationBinder.bindClass(AnnotationBinder.java:824) ~[hibernate-core-4.3.5.Final.jar:4.3.5.Final]	at org.hibernate.cfg.Configuration$MetadataSourceQueue.processAnnotatedClassesQueue(Configuration.java:3788) ~[hibernate-core-4.3.5.Final.jar:4.3.5.Final]	at org.hibernate.cfg.Configuration$MetadataSourceQueue.processMetadata(Configuration.java:3742) ~[hibernate-core-4.3.5.Final.jar:4.3.5.Final]	at org.hibernate.cfg.Configuration.secondPassCompile(Configuration.java:1410) ~[hibernate-core-4.3.5.Final.jar:4.3.5.Final]	at org.hibernate.cfg.Configuration.buildSessionFactory(Configuration.java:1844) ~[hibernate-core-4.3.5.Final.jar:4.3.5.Final]	at org.hibernate.jpa.boot.internal.EntityManagerFactoryBuilderImpl$4.perform(EntityManagerFactoryBuilderImpl.java:850) ~[hibernate-entitymanager-4.3.5.Final.jar:4.3.5.Final]	at org.hibernate.jpa.boot.internal.EntityManagerFactoryBuilderImpl$4.perform(EntityManagerFactoryBuilderImpl.java:843) ~[hibernate-entitymanager-4.3.5.Final.jar:4.3.5.Final]	at org.hibernate.boot.registry.classloading.internal.ClassLoaderServiceImpl.withTccl(ClassLoaderServiceImpl.java:397) ~[hibernate-core-4.3.5.Final.jar:4.3.5.Final]	at org.hibernate.jpa.boot.internal.EntityManagerFactoryBuilderImpl.build(EntityManagerFactoryBuilderImpl.java:842) ~[hibernate-entitymanager-4.3.5.Final.jar:4.3.5.Final]	at org.springframework.orm.jpa.vendor.SpringHibernateJpaPersistenceProvider.createContainerEntityManagerFactory(SpringHibernateJpaPersistenceProvider.java:60) ~[spring-orm-4.1.1.RELEASE.jar:4.1.1.RELEASE]	at org.springframework.orm.jpa.LocalContainerEntityManagerFactoryBean.createNativeEntityManagerFactory(LocalContainerEntityManagerFactoryBean.java:341) ~[spring-orm-4.1.1.RELEASE.jar:4.1.1.RELEASE]	at org.springframework.orm.jpa.AbstractEntityManagerFactoryBean.afterPropertiesSet(AbstractEntityManagerFactoryBean.java:318) ~[spring-orm-4.1.1.RELEASE.jar:4.1.1.RELEASE]	at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.invokeInitMethods(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:1627) ~[spring-beans-4.1.1.RELEASE.jar:4.1.1.RELEASE]	at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.initializeBean(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:1564) ~[spring-beans-4.1.1.RELEASE.jar:4.1.1.RELEASE]	... 25 more

如果按照网上的一些解决办法，将@Table(name="t_user")改写为@Entity(name="t_user")这种形式，问题依然无法解决的，会出现如下的Exception：

Caused by: org.hibernate.hql.internal.ast.QuerySyntaxException: User is not mapped	at org.hibernate.hql.internal.ast.util.SessionFactoryHelper.requireClassPersister(SessionFactoryHelper.java:189)	at org.hibernate.hql.internal.ast.tree.FromElementFactory.addFromElement(FromElementFactory.java:109)	at org.hibernate.hql.internal.ast.tree.FromClause.addFromElement(FromClause.java:95)	at org.hibernate.hql.internal.ast.HqlSqlWalker.createFromElement(HqlSqlWalker.java:331)	at org.hibernate.hql.internal.antlr.HqlSqlBaseWalker.fromElement(HqlSqlBaseWalker.java:3633)	at org.hibernate.hql.internal.antlr.HqlSqlBaseWalker.fromElementList(HqlSqlBaseWalker.java:3522)	at org.hibernate.hql.internal.antlr.HqlSqlBaseWalker.fromClause(HqlSqlBaseWalker.java:706)	at org.hibernate.hql.internal.antlr.HqlSqlBaseWalker.query(HqlSqlBaseWalker.java:562)	at org.hibernate.hql.internal.antlr.HqlSqlBaseWalker.selectStatement(HqlSqlBaseWalker.java:299)	at org.hibernate.hql.internal.antlr.HqlSqlBaseWalker.statement(HqlSqlBaseWalker.java:247)	at org.hibernate.hql.internal.ast.QueryTranslatorImpl.analyze(QueryTranslatorImpl.java:278)	at org.hibernate.hql.internal.ast.QueryTranslatorImpl.doCompile(QueryTranslatorImpl.java:206)	... 42 more

2.原因定位

顺着异常提示信息，打开hibernate-core-4.3.5.Final.jar:4.3.5.Final这个jar包(我用的反编译工具)，一路追到这个类org.hibernate.cfg.AnnotationBinder，在bindClass方法中，可以发现在最后面连续调用了三次EntityBinder类的processComplementaryTableDefinitions方法，也就是异常信息中最后抛出Exception的方法。

public static void bindClass(XClass clazzToProcess, Map
    
      inheritanceStatePerClass, Mappings mappings)    throws MappingException{    //此处省略N行代码        mappings.addClass(persistentClass);        mappings.addSecondPass(new SecondaryTableSecondPass(entityBinder, propertyHolder, clazzToProcess));        entityBinder.processComplementaryTableDefinitions((org.hibernate.annotations.Table)clazzToProcess.getAnnotation(org.hibernate.annotations.Table.class));    entityBinder.processComplementaryTableDefinitions((Tables)clazzToProcess.getAnnotation(Tables.class));    entityBinder.processComplementaryTableDefinitions(tabAnn);}
    

再打开EntityBinder类，可以发现有两个同名的processComplementaryTableDefinitions方法，两个方法中都调用了table.indexes()，两个方法的参数虽然都是table，但是类型是不同的。一个是JPA api中的Table类，另一个是hibernate的Table类。

public void processComplementaryTableDefinitions(javax.persistence.Table table) {    if (table == null) return;    TableBinder.addIndexes(this.persistentClass.getTable(), table.indexes(), this.mappings);}

public void processComplementaryTableDefinitions(org.hibernate.annotations.Table table) {    if (table == null) return;    String appliedTable = table.appliesTo();    Iterator tables = this.persistentClass.getTableClosureIterator();    org.hibernate.mapping.Table hibTable = null;    while (tables.hasNext()) {      org.hibernate.mapping.Table pcTable = (org.hibernate.mapping.Table)tables.next();      if (pcTable.getQuotedName().equals(appliedTable))      {        hibTable = pcTable;        break;      }      hibTable = null;    }    if (hibTable == null)    {      for (Join join : this.secondaryTables.values()) {        if (join.getTable().getQuotedName().equals(appliedTable)) {          hibTable = join.getTable();          break;        }      }    }    if (hibTable == null) {      throw new AnnotationException("@org.hibernate.annotations.Table references an unknown table: " + appliedTable);    }    if (!BinderHelper.isEmptyAnnotationValue(table.comment())) hibTable.setComment(table.comment());    TableBinder.addIndexes(hibTable, table.indexes(), this.mappings);  }

回头再看看异常信息，指向的是 javax.persistence.Table这个类的indexes方法。首先想到的是打开 hibernate-jpa-2.1-api-1.0.0.Final.jar这个jar包，找到 javax.persistence.Table，一探究竟。结果两个类都是有indexes这个方法的，不免让人挠头，莫非有鬼。

后来仔细一想，javax.persistence.Table是JPA标准api类，不一定就只有那个jar包里有啊，赶紧打开Java Build Path看了一下，发现了EclipseLink这玩意

这厮的jar包里果然有个没有indexes方法的Table类，再仔细看看jar包的名字"javax.persistence_2.0.4"，原来这是JPA2.0的，而Table的indexes在JPA2.1中才有的，而junit在运行的时候，恰巧是先走了这个jar包中的类。

3.总结分析

Hibernate在进行注解处理的过程中，既处理了JPA标准的注解，也处理了hibernate特有的注解，hibernate4.3处理注解是基于JPA2.1版本的，所以，我推想，其他遇到这个exception的朋友，很有可能也是使用的jar包中有旧版本的Table类。不妨用JarSearch搜索下，就可以发现问题。